SINOPOEMS
BOOKMARK
To bookmark this poem:
Press Ctrl + D (Windows) or ⌘ + D (Mac).

Cherishing the Yellow Flowers Slowly: Seeing a Friend Off at Wugao

Seeing a guest off at Wugao.
The frosty night tests its cold edge, maples drop beside the long bridge.
Gazing at the endless sky, turning from the vanishing city wall,
the parting pavilion grows dim, the sorrowful river stretches far.
Emerald fragrance scatters, red garments grow old;
evening grief locks the drooping willows at the brow's tip.
I recall that slender waist.
In former days, Master Shen once tied his orchid-wood oar here,
where fairy phoenixes swallowed jade flute notes.
Grief-stricken, I watch his departure fade into the distance,
like the ancient Ninefold Debates that cannot recall a wandering soul.
Drunken hairpins linger with backward glances by the small window clipping candles;
clouds of song carry sorrow, flying up into the silver empyrean.
Plain autumn cannot comprehend how to follow the boat away,
while faded petals chase the cold waves upon a single autumn leaf.
I dream of jade-green hairpins.
Complaining geese are surely passing over the southern watchtower.
送客吳皋。
正試霜夜冷,楓落長橋。
望天不盡,背城漸杳,離亭黯黯,恨水迢迢。
翠香零落紅衣老,暮愁鎖、殘柳眉梢。
念瘦腰。
沈郎舊日,曾系蘭橈。
仙人鳳咽瓊簫。
悵斷魂送遠,九辨難招。
醉鬟留盼,小窗翦燭,歌雲載恨,飛上銀霄。
素秋不解隨船去,敗紅趁、一葉寒濤。
夢翠翹。
怨鴻料過南譙。
sòng kè wú gāo.
zhèng shì shuāng yè lěng, fēng luò cháng qiáo.
wàng tiān bù jìn, bèi chéng jiàn yǎo, lí tíng àn àn, hèn shuǐ tiáo tiáo.
cuì xiāng líng luò hóng yī lǎo, mù chóu suǒ, cán liǔ méi shāo.
niàn shòu yāo.
schén láng jiù rì, céng xì lán ráo.
xī rén fèng yàn qióng xiāo.
chàng duàn hún sòng yuǎn, jiǔ biàn nán zhāo.
zuì huán liú pàn, xiǎo chuāng jiǎn zhú, gē yún zài hèn, fēi shàng yín xiāo.
sù qiū bù jiě suí chuán qù, bài hóng chèn, yī yè hán tāo.
mèng cuì qiào.
yuàn hóng liào guò nán qiáo.
Seeing guest off at Wugao.
Just as trying frost night is cold, maples fall long bridge.
Looking sky not ending, turning back city gradually distant, parting pavilion dim dim, sorrow water far far.
Emerald fragrance scattered red robes old, evening sorrow locks, withered willow brow tips.
Thinking thin waist.
Shen Lang old days, once tied orchid oars.
Immortal phoenix swallows jade flukes.
Chagrined broken soul sending far, Ninefold Debates difficult summon.
Drunken coiffure stays glancing, small window clipping candle, song clouds carry sorrow, flying up silver sky.
Plain autumn not understanding following boat go, ruined red chases, one leaf cold surges.
Dreaming emerald hairpins.
Resenting swans expected passing South Watchtower.

I. Formal Poetic Architecture & Meter

This masterpiece belongs to the high Song lyric genre known as Song Ci, composed under the tune title Cherishing the Yellow Flowers Slowly. The piece is structured as a double-stanza lyric characterized by intricate metrical shifts, rapid tonal variations, and an elaborate deployment of deflected rhymes and regulated caesuras. Wu Wenying, recognized as a supreme master of the Southern Song dynasty grammar and aesthetics of indirection, constructs this lyric with dense sonic textures and convoluted temporal layers. The architecture of the poem relies heavily on internal visual and acoustic contrasts, balancing grand desolate vistas of autumn rivers with microscopic domestic remembrances of vanished love and parting sorrow.

II. Historical Chronology & Existential Impulse

Composed during the mid-to-late Southern Song dynasty, a period marked by acute political contraction and lingering nostalgia for the lost northern capitals, the poem reflects Wu Wenying's life of refined literati sociability and frequent displacements across the Jiangnan water towns. Operating within a cultural elite of poets, courtesans, and officials, Wu experienced personal grief and transient partings as microcosms of a broader existential displacement. The historical landscape is one of tranquil canals, decaying autumn gardens, and melancholic farewells at provincial river pavilions, divorced from statecraft yet deeply saturated with the elegiac spirit of an imperial dynasty in its autumnal twilight.

III. Line-by-Line Exegesis & Allusion Decoding

The lyric unfolds through a precise emotional progression, moving from external wintry landscapes to internal psychological dissolution, before culminating in visionary dreamscapes and desolate natural imagery.

  • Lines 1-2 (Opening Couplet): The opening sets a rigorous seasonal and atmospheric coordinate, establishing the biting chill of a frost-laden night and the desolate shedding of maples by the long bridge.
  • Lines 3-4 (First Antithetical Turn): The perspective expands into vast geographical emptiness as the city walls recede into haze, matching the visual dimness of the parting pavilion with the boundless expanse of sorrowful rivers.
  • Lines 5-6 (Second Antithetical Turn / Climax): The imagery shifts inward toward botanical decay and human aging, utilizing the withered willow tips locked in evening grief to mirror the erosion of youthful vibrancy.
  • Closing Lines (Resolving Couplet): The poem concludes in a complex web of dream visions, fading autumnal leaves, and the plaintive calls of migratory geese passing over southern watchtowers, leaving the speaker suspended in perpetual longing.

IV. Cultural Symbolism & Key Metaphors

The poem is rich with traditional Chinese literary tokens that carry specific psychological and aesthetic valences.

  • Yellow Flowers and Maples: Representing the poignant beauty of late autumn, these floral and arboreal motifs signify both seasonal mortality and the melancholic fading of human prime.
  • Orchid Oars and Jade Flutes: Classical allusions to refined romance and aesthetic cultivation, invoking ancient love lore and aristocratic refinement against the harsh realities of separation.
  • Wild Geese: Serving as the quintessential messengers of longing and separation across vast distances, the geese crossing the southern watchtower underscore the impossibility of reunion.

V. Philosophical Core & Global Resonance

At its philosophical core, this lyric synthesizes the poignant Buddhist realization of impermanence with the traditional Confucian and Daoist weight of emotional attachment. Wu Wenying does not seek an easy philosophical escape from sorrow; rather, he inhabits grief fully, rendering the psychological interior as vast and tangible as the natural landscape. The poem resonates globally because it captures the universal human condition of parting, where physical distance and the passage of time erode external realities, leaving behind only the haunting, crystalline architecture of memory and art.

Link copied to clipboard!