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Green-Head Duck / Duo Li: Mid-Autumn Moonlit Reverie

The evening clouds retreat, and the pale sky becomes a sheet of gleaming glass.
A brilliant silver disc ascends from the ocean deeps,
its luminous clarity bathing a thousand miles in crystalline light.
Flawless and pure, the lunar maiden stands in quiet grace,
where one might almost count the uneven branches of the cinnamon tree.
Jade dews begin to fall, and the golden autumn wind is not yet biting;
in all the turning year, no other hour can match this perfect night.
Sitting long in the settling dew, scattered fireflies occasionally cross the dark,
and magpies fly purposefully toward the south.
The jade terrace grows cool, yet leaning against the balustrade warmth lingers,
as the moon chariot descends with slow, measured steps.
I think of my beloved, parted from me across a silence of dust and news;
facing such brilliance, she surely feels this mutual longing.
Most poignant of all, the water-clock sounds stretch through the long hours,
while stealthily, breaking the heart, flower shadows shift across the ground.
I reckon that tomorrow night, the pristine light will not have waned,
yet wind and cloud are fickle—who can know if skies will stay clear?
Together we share this concentrated yearning, parted now as we are,
meeting again only across the span of another year.
If we remain strong and well, our clear wine cups and pale shadows
will forever desire to follow one another.
晚雲收,淡天一片琉璃。
爛銀盤、來從海底,皓色千里澄輝。
瑩無塵、素娥淡佇,靜可數、丹桂參差。
玉露初零,金風未凜,一年無似此佳時。
露坐久,疏瑩時度,烏鵲正南飛。
瑤臺冷,欄干憑暖,玉下遲遲。
念佳人,音塵別後,對此應解相思。
最關情、漏聲正永,暗斷腸、花影偷移。
料得來宵,清光未減,陰晴天氣又爭知。
共凝戀、如今別後,還是隔年期。
人強健,清尊素影,長願相隨。
wǎn yún shōu, dàn tiān yī piàn liú lí.
làn yín pán, lái cóng hǎi dǐ, hào sè qiān lǐ chéng huī.
yíng wú chén, sù é dàn zhù, jìng kě shǔ, dān guì cān chī.
yù lù chū líng, jīn fēng wèi lǐn, yī nián wú sì cǐ jiā shí.
lù zuò jiǔ, shū yíng shí dù, wū què zhèng nán fēi.
yáo tái lěng, lán gān píng nuǎn, yù xià chí chí.
niàn jiā rén, yīn chén bié hòu, duì cǐ yīng jiě xiāng sī.
zuì guān qíng, lòu shēng zhèng yǒng, àn duàn cháng, huā yǐng tōu yí.
liào dé lái xiāo, qīng guāng wèi jiǎn, yīn qíng tiān qì yòu zhēng zhī.
gòng níng liàn, rú jīn bié hòu, hái shì gé nián qī.
rén qiáng jiàn, qīng zūn sù yǐng, zhǎng yuàn xiāng suí.
Late clouds gather, faint sky a piece of colored glaze.
Brilliant silver plate, coming from ocean bottom, bright color a thousand miles of pure radiance.
Gleaming without dust, lunar goddess quietly stands, still can be counted, cassia trees uneven.
Jade dews first fall, golden wind not yet biting, a year has nothing resembling this fine time.
Dew sitting long, sparse fireflies occasionally passing, magpies flying directly south.
Jade terrace cold, balustrade leaned warm, jade chariot descending slowly.
Thinking of the beautiful person, news and dust after parting, facing this should understand lovesickness.
Most moving to emotion, clepsydra sounds truly long, secretly breaking intestines, flower shadows stealthily shifting.
Expected that coming night, clear light not yet diminished, overcast or clear weather who again knows?
Together gazing longingly, now after parting, still is across-the-year appointment.
People strong and healthy, clear goblet white shadow, forever wishing to follow each other.

I. Formal Poetic Architecture & Meter

This work is composed under the dual-tilted Song Ci lyric pattern known by the double titles Green-Head Duck and Duo Li, a notably expansive and structurally complex tune form. The meter requires intricate modulation between brisk, cascading phrases and slow, lingering tonal pauses. The rhyme scheme shifts fluidly across major divisions, matching the poem's transition from macrocosmic celestial descriptions down to intimate, psychological interiors. The architectural design relies heavily on expansive descriptive couplets in the opening stanza that mirror the vastness of the autumn sky, followed by a pivot toward personal domestic isolation and temporal anxiety in the concluding stanzas.

II. Historical Chronology & Existential Impulse

Written during the Northern Song Dynasty, this lyric reflects the sophisticated aesthetic environment of court-associated literati culture, where refined sensory perception merged seamlessly with melancholic awareness of separation. Chao Duanli operated within an elite intellectual milieu that elevated lyric poetry into a vehicle for delicate psychological portraiture and philosophical reflection on time, distance, and seasonal transience. The existential impulse of the poem arises from the intersection of breathtaking natural beauty—specifically the mid-autumn harvest moon—and the painful reality of human separation, capturing the poignant isolation of the scholar-official living away from home and loved ones.

III. Line-by-Line Exegesis & Allusion Decoding

The poem unfolds through a carefully calibrated movement from cosmic vastness to intimate emotional despair, utilizing astronomical imagery as a psychological mirror.

  • Lines 1-2 (Opening Couplet): Line 1 ("Late clouds gather, faint sky a piece of colored glaze") establishes a pristine, translucent skyscape, while Line 2 ("Brilliant silver plate, coming from ocean bottom") deploys a classic metaphor for the rising moon ascending from the watery horizon to flood the world with unbroken brilliance.
  • Lines 3-4 (First Antithetical Turn): Line 3 ("Gleaming without dust, lunar goddess quietly stands") invokes the traditional myth of Chang'e dwelling in her solitary moon palace among the cassia trees, setting a tone of ethereal detachment that contrasts sharply with human grief.
  • Lines 5-6 (Second Antithetical Turn / Climax): Line 11 ("Thinking of the beautiful person, news and dust after parting") anchors the celestial spectacle firmly in human longing, bridging cosmic beauty with the specific pain of separation.
  • Closing Lines (Resolving Couplet): The concluding lines ("People strong and healthy, clear goblet white shadow, forever wishing to follow each other") achieve a quiet philosophical reconciliation, grounding ultimate hopes not in eternal reunions, but in enduring health and spiritual companionship across the division of distance and time.

IV. Cultural Symbolism & Key Metaphors

The poem is rich with traditional cultural tokens that carry profound resonance within classical Chinese verse. The moon functions not merely as physical scenery, but as an emblem of emotional resonance and universal empathy shared across great distances by separated friends or lovers. The autumn dew and chill signify both the passing of seasons and the gradual cooling of temporal fortunes, while the shifting flower shadows serve as a subtle, visual measurement of passing time and accumulating heartbreak as the night deepens.

V. Philosophical Core & Global Resonance

At its core, the lyric synthesizes a Daoist appreciation for natural vastness and cosmic cycles with a deeply Confucian sense of relational duty and emotional fidelity. The juxtaposition of the eternal, unblemished moon with fragile, mortal existence highlights the fundamental pathos of human life. This tension between timeless cosmic indifference and vulnerable human attachment grants the poem its universal resonance, speaking to anyone who has gazed at the night sky and felt the acute ache of distance from a cherished companion.

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