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Ballad of Mount Lu: Sent to Imperial Censor Lu Xuzhou

I am by nature Chu's wild, ecstatic soul,
Who mocked Confucius in a reckless song.
With jade-green staff in hand, at dawn I leave
Behind the storied Yellow Crane's domain.
Across the Five Great Peaks I chase the realm
Of deathless saints, nor count the journey long;
My whole life through, I love the sacred hills.
There Mount Lu stands, majestic, sharp and steep,
Hard by the Southern Dipper's starry light;
Ninefold its velvet screens of mist unroll,
Its shadow cast upon the gleaming lake
In dark, translucent green.
Before the Golden Gate two summits rise in grace,
And Heaven's silver stream hangs upside-down
Across the triple bridge of stone.
The Incense Burner peak and cataract
Stare from afar across the winding cliffs
And stacked, cloud-shrouded heights.
Kingfisher green and crimson sunset clouds
Reflect the morning sun;
No bird can reach the vast, forbidding sky of Wu.
From this high peak I view the universe:
The mighty river rushes to the sea
And never turns again.
Ten thousand miles of yellow clouds are stirred
By autumn gales, while nine-branched white waves rush
Like avalanches down a mountain snow.
I sing this ballad born of Mount Lu's grace,
For all my soaring inspiration wakes
From these eternal crags.
I gaze into the Stone Mirror to cleanse my soul,
Where moss now swallows ancient footsteps left
By Master Xie of old.
Long since I took the cinnabar to purge
The dust of mortal cares;
With triple-tuned and quiet zither heart,
My mystic path is almost won.
Far off, amid the multi-colored clouds,
I see immortals holding lotus flowers
Who journey toward the Jade Capital.
I pledged to meet them in the boundless void,
And hope to join Lu Ao in realms of pure light.
我本楚狂人,鳳歌笑孔丘。
手持綠玉杖,朝別黃鶴樓。
五嶽尋仙不辭遠,一生好入名山遊。
廬山秀出南鬥傍,屏風九疊雲錦張,影落明湖青黛光。
金闕前開二峯長,銀河倒掛三石樑。
香爐瀑布遙相望,迴厓沓嶂凌蒼蒼。
翠影紅霞映朝日,鳥飛不到吳天長。
登高壯觀天地間,大江茫茫去不還。
黃雲萬裏動風色,白波九道流雪山。
好爲廬山謠,興因廬山發。
閑窺石鏡清我心,謝公行處蒼苔沒。
早服還丹無世情,琴心三疊道初成。
遙見仙人綵雲裏,手把芙蓉朝玉京。
先期汗漫九垓上,願接盧敖遊太清。
wǒ běn chǔ kuáng rén, fèng gē xiào kǒng qiū.
shǒu chí lǜ yù zhàng, zháo bié huáng hè lóu.
wǔ yuè xún xiān bù cí yuǎn, yì shēng hǎo rù míng shān yóu.
lú shān xiù chū nán dòu bàng, píng fēng jiǔ dié yún jǐn zhāng, yǐng luò míng hú qīng dài guāng.
jīn què qián kāi èr fēng zhǎng, yín hé dào guà sān shí liáng.
xiāng lú pù bù yáo xiāng wàng, huí yá dá zhàng líng cāng cāng.
cuì yǐng hóng xiá yìng zhāo rì, niǎo fēi bú dào wú tiān cháng.
dēng gāo zhuàng guān tiān dì jiān, dà jiāng máng máng qù bù hái.
huáng yún wàn lǐ dòng fēng sè, bái bō jiǔ dào liú xuě shān.
hǎo wéi lú shān yáo, xīng yīn lú shān fā.
xián kuī shí jìng qīng wǒ xīn, xiè gōng xíng chù cāng tái mò.
zǎo fú huán dān wú shì qíng, qín xīn sān dié dào chū chéng.
yáo jiàn xiān rén cǎi yún lǐ, shǒu bǎ fú róng zhāo yù jīng.
xiān qī hàn màn jiǔ gāi shàng, yuàn jiē lú áo yóu tài qīng.
I am originally the madman of Chu, singing phoenix songs and mocking Confucius.
Hand holding green jade staff, at dawn leaving Yellow Crane Tower.
Five Sacred Mountains seeking immortals not refusing distance, all my life loving to enter famous mountains to roam.
Mount Lu rises in beauty beside the Southern Dipper, Ninefold Screen folds clouds brocade spread,
Shadows fall upon clear lake green-black radiance.
Golden Gate opens before two peaks long, Silver River hangs inverted three stone bridges.
Incenser Burner waterfall far gazing at each other, winding cliffs piled ridges surpass vast azure.
Kingfisher shadows red clouds reflect morning sun, birds flying cannot reach Wu heaven vast.
Ascending high grand view between heaven and earth, great river vast and boundless goes and returns not.
Yellow clouds ten thousand miles stir wind colors, white waves nine channels flow snow mountains.
Good at making Mount Lu ballad, inspiration because of Mount Lu arises.
Leisurely peeking at Stone Mirror clears my heart, Xie Lingyun's wandering places green moss covers.
Early ingesting returned elixir without worldly feelings, zither heart triple folded Dao initially accomplished.
Far seeing immortals inside colorful clouds, hands holding lotus flowers facing Jade Capital.
Earlier promised to wander boundless nine heavens above, wishing to join Lu Ao to roam Grand Purity.

I. Formal Poetic Architecture & Meter

This masterpiece belongs to the ancient ballad genre known as Gushi, or Old Style Poetry, which affords the poet complete freedom from the rigid tonal constraints and parallel couplet requirements of regulated verse. The poem flows through dynamic couplet shifts, alternating between heptasyllabic lines that mimic the spontaneous surges of ecstatic utterance. Rhymes shift fluidly across sections, capturing the cadence of an oral rhapsody infused with visionary Daoist breath.

II. Historical Chronology & Existential Impulse

Composed during Li Bai's later years, the poem reflects his lifelong fascination with Daoist alchemy, physical transcendence, and mountain wandering. Having experienced the turbulence of the imperial court during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong and subsequent political marginalization, the poet channels his disillusionment with worldly officialdom into a soaring celebration of mountain transcendence, addressing his friend Imperial Censor Lu Xuzhou as a kindred spirit attuned to the transcendent Dao.

III. Line-by-Line Exegesis & Allusion Decoding

The poem unfolds as a spiritual journey progressing from earthly renunciation to cosmic ascension across distinct imaginative movements.

  • Lines 1-2 (Opening Couplet): The poet immediately identifies with the Jieyu, the madman of Chu who sang to pass Confucius, establishing an unapologetic persona of eccentric moral independence.
  • Lines 3-4 (First Antithetical Turn): The departure from the Yellow Crane Tower initiates a lifelong pilgrimage across the sacred peaks of ancient China.
  • Lines 5-6 (Second Antithetical Turn / Climax): The breathtaking panoramic description of Mount Lu juxtaposes geological majesty with celestial cartography, invoking the Southern Dipper and cosmic bridges.
  • Closing Lines (Resolving Couplet): The poem culminates in a visionary synthesis of alchemy, legendary immortals, and ancient myth, desiring to join the mythological traveler Lu Ao in the boundless void.

IV. Cultural Symbolism & Key Metaphors

The text is rich with traditional cosmological and mythological tokens that require careful contextualization for Western readers:

  • Jade Staff and Cinnabar: These elements symbolize the Daoist pursuit of physical immortality, spiritual purification, and the rejection of mundane bureaucratic contamination.
  • Stone Mirror: A legendary natural formation on Mount Lu associated with spiritual reflection, echoing the historical footsteps of the reclusive scholar Xie Lingyun.

V. Philosophical Core & Global Resonance

The philosophical core of the ballad represents the ultimate triumph of Daoist spiritual freedom over Confucian statecraft and mundane entrapment. By invoking legendary immortals and cosmic realms, Li Bai transforms geographical description into an interior landscape of liberation. This timeless masterpiece continues to resonate globally as an enduring monument to human imagination, resilience, and the relentless quest for transcendence in the face of worldly limitations.

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